Pratama, Lucky Adjun
Andaningrum, Dwika Nirmala
Airlangga, Bramantyo
Azhar, Badril
Roesyadi, Achmad
Sumarno,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Collaboration Research from Local Funding of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (1801/PKS/ITS/2025)
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval was not required for this research.
: This research does not require explicit permission to reproduce material from other sources, as the content utilized falls under fair use, public domain, or is used in accordance with the exceptions permitted by applicable copyright laws. All efforts have been made to appropriately attribute and cite the sources of any material included in this research.