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Authors
Varje, Pekka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-0621
Kivimäki, Ilkka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-7448
Väänänen, Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-5799
Taimela, Simo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-2983
Haavisto, Olli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-845X
Joensuu, Matti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-2278
Kalliomäki-Levanto, Tiina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-3902
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Finnish Work Environment Fund (220268)
Finnish Research Impact Foundation (Tandem Industry Academia Professor, #557)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 7 August 2026
First Online: 2 September 2026
Declarations
Competing Interests: One author (Simo Taimela) is employed by Terveystalo. Apart from this employment relationship, the authors have no additional financial or non‑financial competing interests to disclose.
Ethics Approval: The study was approved by the Finnish Social and Health Data Permit Authority Findata (decision THL/1460/14.02.00/2023). Data were pseudonymized and analyzed within an audited remote‑access environment meeting strict information security requirements.
