Iftikhar, Musawira
Othman, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-2447
Khan, Imran Ullah
Ismail, Nurul Jannah
Kadir, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul
Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom Bin Zainol
Jahan, Zaib
Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi
Jaafar, Juhana
Rahman, Mukhlis A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.