Funding for this research was provided by:
Double First-Class Disciplines Project of Beijing Foreign Studies University (2022SYLZD008)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024JX063)
Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (22JCXK14YB)
Article History
Received: 10 March 2024
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: The study was approved by Language Cognition and Education Lab at Beijing Foreign Studies University [Ethical Approval Number: IRB# RIFL005-23-04(R1)]. All procedures of the study involving human participants followed the ethical standards of the institutional committee in Language Cognition and Education Lab at Beijing Foreign Studies University, China. The study was also conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.