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Article History

Received: 6 April 2024

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 4 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors have no competing interests to declare.

: The experiments conducted in this paper was part of the project reviewed and approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Konan University (reference number: 21 − 18). The experiments followed standard ethics guidelines as described in the Declaration of Helsinki: all participants were fully informed about the purpose of the experiment, safety, potential risks, and privacy protection before participation. Furthermore, it was informed orally (Experiment 1) and in writing (Experiments 2 and 2) that participation in the experiment was entirely voluntary, and that participants could refuse to participate or withdraw their consent at any time without any disadvantage. Informed consent was obtained by having participants sign a consent form (Experiment 1) or clicking on the “I consent” button (Experiment 2).