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Authors
Sadeghigolafshani, Maedeh https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6287-8967
Sadooghiasl, Afsaneh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-2428
Ahmadi, Fazlollah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7735
Kazemnejad, Anoshirvan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-9635
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 13 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran (Approval ID: IR.MODARES.REC.1402.219). Prior to data collection, the purpose and procedures of the study were clearly explained to all participants. Informed consent was obtained in both written and verbal form. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Permission was also obtained to audio-record the interviews. This research received ethical approval from Tarbiat Modares University, which did not participate in any phase of the study.
