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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 24 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

: The study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and according to local legislation and national guidelines on research involving human subjects. All quotes as part of this research were provided to the researchers with the explicit consent of the participants. The research was approved in terms of ethics by the Rector’s Research Ethics Committee of the University of National Education Commission in Krakow (Certificate Number DNa.0046.1.2.2024).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication.