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Article History

Accepted: 16 February 2024

First Online: 27 February 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that this is an original work that has not been previously published. It is not being considered for publication elsewhere at this time. The manuscript accurately represents the authors’ research and analysis, and co-authors and co-researchers are properly credited. The findings are well-placed within the existing body of knowledge. All sources used are appropriately acknowledged and cited. Each author contributed significantly to the development of the manuscript and accepts full responsibility for its content.

: Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of State University of Surabaya. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The participants involved in this research have been provided with comprehensive information regarding the potential risks and benefits associated with their participation. What is more, they have been reassured that any inquiries arising in the future will be addressed. They have willingly consented to partake in this study and acknowledge that this consent statement applies to each of them individually. The school principal has also granted permission for the involvement of their students as research participants in this study.

: Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patient/parent/guardian/ relative of the patient. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the editor of this journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.