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Authors
Adam, Alif Syaiful https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-6668
Mubarok, Husni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-8361
Suprapto, Nadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-7412
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Article History
Accepted: 2 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. This article might contain personal information but not apart from the ethical approval and informed consent regulation. All the data collection factors follow all the statements in the ethical approval and informed consent letter.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
