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Authors
Ralević, Lidija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-214X
Tomašević, Biljana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-9171
Putica, Katarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-2368
Maštrapović, Vesna Milanović https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-5031
Trivić, Dragica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-4354
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja (451-03-66/2024-03/200168)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2024
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 9 November 2025
Declarations
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: The research was approved by the management of all primary schools that took part in this research. The students and their parents/guardians were fully informed about the goals and design of the pedagogical experiment, explained that participation in the experiment was voluntary and guaranteed that the students’ data would remain anonymous. It was explained that their decision not to participate in the study would not negatively affect students’ chemistry grades and that their participation would not bring them any benefits. In addition, they were informed that students who decided to participate could withdraw from the study at any time, after which all data obtained through their participation would be deleted. Since primary school students are underage, written consent for the involvement in the study was obtained from the parents/guardians of all students in the sample.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
