Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 May 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 2 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study used anonymized data from post-program surveys, learning management system (LMS) activity logs, and student-generated assignments. All data sources were de-identified, and no personally identifiable information was collected.

: No identifiable personal data are presented in this article.

: Participation in the post-program survey was voluntary. Of the 1,479 program participants, responses were collected only from 666 students who agreed to provide their data for research purposes. The purpose and voluntary nature of the survey were explained to students and their guardians during the orientation workshop conducted by the program organizer, the Korea Foundation for Science and Creativity (KOSAC).

: This study did not involve animal subjects. Data from human participants were collected as part of educational program evaluation under anonymized conditions.

: The authors declare no competing interests.