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Authors
Crowder, Caroline J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-3088
Yik, Brandon J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-8451
Frost, Stephanie J. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-0549
de Arellano, Daniel Cruz-Ramírez https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-8675
Bliss-Roche, Kimberly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-0749
Raker, Jeffrey R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-6095
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate for Education and Human Resources (DUE-2315626)
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Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: This work was carried out under application Pro#00028802, “Comprehensive evaluation of the University of South Florida’s undergraduate and graduate chemistry curricula”, as reviewed by the University of South Florida’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) on December 13, 2016. Data are deidentified and not linked by learner as per IRB approval.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: All participants consented to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
