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Authors
Hong, Jon-Chao
Liu, Ming-Chou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-3340
Ho, Huei-Ying
Tsai, Chi-Ruei
Tai, Kai-Hsin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Dong Hwa University
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical review and approval were granted by the authors’ institutions, the implemented schools, and participants before conducting the study. All participation was voluntary.
: This study involved human participants (elementary students) and no animals. All procedures followed ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from related parties, all participants, and their legal guardians.
: Written consent for participation was obtained from related parties.
: Consent to publish anonymized data was granted by related parties.
: Apart from the financial support provided by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, all authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
