Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 August 2025

Accepted: 1 May 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines approved by the Ethics Committee of Özyeğin University (Meeting No: 2021/22, Date: 27.12.2021, Approval Code: 2021/22/03). Necessary permissions for conducting research in public schools were obtained from the Directorate General for Innovation and Educational Technologies (Circular No: 2020/2, Date: 21.01.2020), the Provincial Directorate of National Education (Document No: E-59090411-44-46206045), and the Governor’s Office (Date: 21.03.2022, Reference No: 46039381).

: Participation in the study was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participating students. The consent form outlined the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and assured confidentiality of all collected data.

: This research involved human participants only and did not include any experiments involving animals. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Provincial Directorate of National Education and Ozyegin University Ethics Committee (Meeting No: 2021/22, Date: 27.12.2021, Approval Code: 2021/22/03) and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participants.

: Participation in this study was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all student participants prior to data collection. All participants were informed about the study’s aims, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences.

: The authors affirm that no identifying information of the participants is included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.