Seo, Eunjin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-3415
Lee, You-kyung
Article History
Received: 23 December 2020
Accepted: 1 April 2021
First Online: 28 April 2021
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The current study is a secondary data analysis of the National Study of Learning Mindset. The approval for the National Study of Learning Mindset was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Stanford University (30387), ICF (FWA00000845), and the University of Texas at Austin (#20160310). All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All participating schools were given a choice to decide the level of parental communication among active permission, passive permission, and FERPA exception. All parents were informed of the study and provided the opportunity to withdraw their children from the study. Informed student assent was obtained from all participants. Detailed information about the data collection procedure is available at ExternalRef removed.