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Authors
Satterthwaite-Freiman, Megan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-8471
Sladek, Michael R.
Wantchekon, Kristia A.
Rivas-Drake, Deborah
Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (1625196)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2022
Accepted: 9 September 2022
First Online: 28 September 2022
Compliance with Ethical Standards
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Approval was obtained from the institutional review boards at Arizona State University, Harvard University, and the University of Michigan. Approval was also obtained from the school districts where these data were gathered. We certify that this study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
: This study utilized a passive consent process where opt-out consent forms were provided to participants to read and share with their parents or guardians. The form detailed the voluntary nature of participation in the study and that parent or child could choose to opt out at any time during administration of the survey. Participants provided assent prior to starting the surveys.
