Gniewosz, Gabriela http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-5875
Article History
Received: 13 January 2023
Accepted: 5 June 2023
First Online: 30 June 2023
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was preregistered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) on September 12th, 2022 and comprised research questions and hypotheses, data description, planned analyses and variables as well as a description of prior knowledge of the data (ExternalRef removed). The R-code for the tests and models (i.e., tests of longitudinal measurement invariance, LCS models) as well as additional material (i.e., supplemental material, item list) is also available in the Open Science Framework (ExternalRef removed).
: The ethics committee of the Faculty of Management, Economics, and Social Sciences of the University of Cologne approved the study (see, ExternalRef removed). All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of German social research and data protection laws and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved.