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Authors
Liu, Zhengguang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-1637
Bian, Wenjun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-7523
Bian, Yufang https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5895-8179
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72102210)
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2023
Accepted: 31 March 2024
First Online: 23 May 2024
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Participant information was rigorously protected, and survey data was used exclusively for research purposes, adhering to stringent ethical standards of American Psychological Association. This research was approved by Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at the doctoral institution of the first author (No.2021-36).
: Parents of adolescent participants were informed, and their consent was obtained.
