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Authors
Feige, Paulina https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6791-707X
Watermann, Rainer https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0080-3041
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Georg August Universität Göttingen
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2023
Accepted: 6 July 2024
First Online: 17 July 2024
Compliance with Ethical Standards
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The first wave of the study (t1) was part of TIMSS 2006, which was conducted according to the standards of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). The implementation of the postal surveys (t2-t4) has been approved by the data protection officers of the 13 federal states in Germany, which were included.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participating children and their parents through the schools (TIMSS 2006) or through a written declaration of consent (postal surveys).
