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Article History

Received: 19 February 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2025

First Online: 20 March 2025

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest, and manuscript is approved by all authors for submission and publication. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research received approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Marxism at Jinan University.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.