Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02, 5R03HD051629-02)
Office of the Vice President for Research Grant/Special Research Grant from the University of Texas at Austin
Article History
Received: 12 April 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Boards at the University of California, Davis for Wave 1 (protocol number: 200210309-6) and Arizona State University for Wave 2 (protocol number not available). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association.
: Informed consent was obtained from all schools, parents, and adolescents who participated in the study. Adolescents provided assent to participate and parents provided consent for their adolescents to participate.