Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 May 2025

Accepted: 15 July 2025

First Online: 30 July 2025

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the Clark University Institutional Review Board (protocol #35) and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Informed consent was obtained from all parent participants included in the study, and assent was obtained from all adolescent participants.

: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a larger study preregistered on AsPredicted.org (#61793) prior to data collection: . Although the current study differs from the preregistered plan in its specific research questions and predictors, all data exclusions, manipulations, and measures are reported in accordance with preregistration standards.