González, Isabelle E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1831-5506
Wantchekon, Kristia A.
Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J.
Rivas-Drake, Deborah
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (1625196)
Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Data collection was conducted in accordance with APA ethical guidelines for the participation of human subjects and the Arizona State University, Harvard University, and University of Michigan Institutional Review Boards approved the informed consent and procedures.
: This study used passive consent. Participants’ parents received opt-out consent forms that detailed the nature of the study and allowed them to opt out at any time. Participants also provided assent before data collection.