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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 19 October 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was ethically approved by the ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Education and Psychology Research Ethics Committee (Reference number: 2023/256; Date of issue: 12th of April 2023) and the work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Informed consent was sought from all of the respondents.

: The data and the program code of the analyses that support the findings of this study are available at

: All of the authors declare that they have complied with the ethical standards of the APA in the treatment of their sample.

: The authors ( Melinda Reinhardt, and Gyöngyi Kökönyei ) declare that they have no competing interests: they do not have any interests that could constitute a real, potential or apparent conflict of interest with respect to their involvement in the publication. The authors also declare that they do not have any financial or other relations (e.g., directorship, consultancy or speaker fee) with companies, trade associations, unions or groups (including civic associations and public interest groups) that may gain or lose financially from the results or conclusions in the study.