Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Rémeau, Margot https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3267-9631
Raffy, Gaël
Borst, Grégoire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5815-3419
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The study used anonymized panel data from the Direction de l’Évaluation, de la Prospective et de la Performance (DEPP), the statistical department of the French Ministry of Education. Data collection was approved by the National Council for Statistical Information (CNIS; visa n°2022AO88ED). No additional procedures involving human participants were conducted, and individual informed consent was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interest.
