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Article History

Received: 3 November 2025

Accepted: 20 November 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All study procedures were approved by the institutional review board at the University of Kansas (#20175). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) and the American Psychological Association (APA).

: Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians. Verbal consent was obtained from participating youth prior to administering the surveys.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. During the preparation of this work the author(s) used ChatGPT to assist with language polishing for some sentences. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.