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Article History

Received: 6 August 2025

Accepted: 22 November 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research protocol was approved by the ethics review committee of Guangxi Normal University (IRB NO. 2023-047).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For participants under the legal age of consent, written informed consent was also obtained from a parent or legal guardian.

: The R scripts for data analysis are openly available on the Open Science Framework at . The raw datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used Google's Gemini to assist with enhancing grammar and phrasing. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.