Braet, Jolien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-2565
Wante, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-4523
Keulen, Janna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-641X
Bodden, Denise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-9515
Vervoort, Leentje https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-7175
Hoorelbeke, Kristof https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-0441
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent (BOF20/DOC/015, BOF20/DOC/015)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G0D6922N)
ZonMw (80-85200-98-21020)
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The current study procedures were approved by the ethical committee of Ghent University (2019/106; 2023-007A) and Utrecht University (22-0049), and the medical committee of UZ Ghent (ONZ-2022-0317).
: All Belgian adolescents (12–17 years) provided informed assent, and at least one parent gave informed consent. All older Belgian adolescents (18–25 years) and young adults provided informed consent. All Dutch adolescents provided written informed consent, with parental consent obtained for participants under the age of 16.
: The authors declare no competing interests.