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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 27 November 2025

First Online: 6 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the present study was obtained from Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the University of Hong Kong.

: By clicking on a link to the anonymous survey, potential participants were first directed to an information page and a consent form, which – only following consent – led to the survey. All adolescents and parents completed a consent form prior to their participation in the study.

: The data for the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used DeepSeek and Perplexity to proofread and edit the language of the manuscript. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.