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Authors
Wenren, Shiqing
Xie, Ruibo
Ding, Wan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5738-8229
Chen, Teng
Chen, Mingshu
Li, Weijian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (BBA220198)
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was a longitudinal study approved by the research ethics committee of the authors’ university. Before the start of the formal survey, written informed consent was obtained from the principal, classroom teacher, and the participants themselves and their parents.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
