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Authors
Zhou, Wanying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-5789
Marquez, Jose https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-4444
Boyle, Leoni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-1386
Taylor, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-8578
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: Analytic code and study materials are available in an OSF repository for review at [https://osf.io/q7pky/overview?view_only=aa95808c3ebd465fae111bcbd93dd867]. Due to multi-country child-data regulations, consent limits, and small-cell disclosure risks, individual-level data cannot be made public. The repository will be made public upon publication.
: During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPTatGPT-4 to assess backtranslations of semantic accuracy and consistency across different language versions of the questionnaire. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. The study received ethical approval from the University of Oxford’s Central University Research Ethics Committee (CUREC; Ethics Approval Reference: R90787/RE001). A passive parental consent (opt-out) procedure was used and outlined in the ethical approval received for the study.
