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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 18 July 2025

First Online: 31 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: The authors declare that this study was conducted following ethical guidelines and in full compliance with the ethical standards of research in environmental science. No human or animal subjects were involved in this study. The authors confirm that all data sources and methodologies are reported transparently and accurately, ensuring reproducibility and scientific integrity.