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Authors
Mohammed, Bazhdar N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-5428
Ismail, Asaad H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-5641
Tahir, Edrees M. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1970-696X
Rashid, Hoshanc S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-5679
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures involving patients with brain lesions who underwent Gamma Knife treatment were conducted in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Human Ethics Committee at Salahaddin University, located in Erbil, Kurdistan region-IRAQ, following the approved protocol (number 4S/269, 30th of June, 2024).
