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Magnetic enhancement of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through dual surface modification against biofilm formation

Published Online: 2026-03-04

Authors

Yousif, Nwar A.

AL-Jawad, Selma M. H.

Taha, Ali A.

Abbas, Hawraa H.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-04

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-04
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Article History

Received: 23 August 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The authors declare no competing interests.

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