Critical review of the use of TiO₂ nanofluid as a heat transfer fluid in the double-pipe heat exchanger
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-025-14531-y
Published Online: 2025-07-23
Published Print: 2025-08
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Kadhim, Saif Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-5022
Ibrahim, Osama Abd Al-Munaf
Al-Ghezi, Moafaq K. S.
Ashour, Ali M.
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-23
Version of Record valid from 2025-07-23
Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 14 June 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025