Peng, Min https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1862-8827
Miao, Wenxuan
Zha, Yan
Pan, Xiangxiao
Zhang, Yudie
Zhang, Qi
Huang, Yajun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52204254)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221124)
Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program (BE2023688)
Open Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Fire Prevention and Control Technology (Grant No. SC_KLPFPCT2024Z02)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025