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Authors
Bibi, Asia
Hashmi, M. S.
Riaz, Muhammad
Inc, Mustafa
Mohd Kasim, Abdul Rahman
Zainal, Nurul Amira https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-302X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/STG06/UTEM/03/1)
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 11 January 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests.
