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Synergistic thermal–hydraulic and energy performance enhancement of shell‑and‑tube heat exchangers using Al2O3 nanofluids and advanced turbulence promoters

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-15481-9

Published Online: 2026-04-22

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

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