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Article History

Received: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 22 July 2025

First Online: 9 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Texas Tech University (IRB2021-706, April 11, 2022). Human subjects (3–5-year-old children) are involved in this research study. So, before conducting the research, it was approved by the IRB under ‘Expedited’ review. This research was approved for the ‘Collection of Data from Voice, Video, Digital, or Image Recordings made for Research Purposes’ and included ‘Individual or Group Characteristics or Behavior.’ Moreover, the target population had specific characteristics: ‘Individuals with impaired decision-making ability (adult or child participants who are unable to fully understand the informed consent process).’ As a result, based on the signed consent forms from the parents of the children, we finalized our participant list. The Human Research Protection Program of the University authorized the IRB approval for all data collection activities.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.