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Authors
Takeuchi, Yoshinori https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9821-0513
Komukai, Sho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-2520
Goto, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-654X
Shinozaki, Tomohiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-9691
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23K11017)
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 3 January 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: YT had received consultant fee from EPS Corporation. YT has been conducting a collaborative study with Pfizer inc., which is not related to this article. TS had received Lecture fees from NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., and SAS Institute Japan Inc.. No other potential Conflict of interest relevant to this study was reported.
: The application study described in Section 5 was approved by Yokohama City University Ethics Committee (approval no. B200800024). Because these analyses involved the secondary use of claims data that had been routinely collected as part of regular medical care, an opt-out option (giving patients the opportunity to withhold consent to the use of their data for research purposes) was also provided in accordance with current ethical standards for biological and medical research involving human subjects in Japan.
