Xue, Shaoying
Yang, Xiaochen
Li, Xiaoxu
Cao, Jie
Ma, Zhanyu
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62176110)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62463015)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62225601)
Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology (SZX2020034)
Lanzhou University of Technology (Hong-liu Distinguished Young Talents Foundation)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L242025)
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (2023YQTD02)
Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Revised: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.