Gallegos, Rachel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-6218
Slama, Natalie E.
Duggan, Mark C.
Ansley, Deborah
Castellanos, Carley
Young-Wolff, Kelly C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA058201; K01DA043604)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2024
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) institutional review board approved this study and waived informed consent.
: Not applicable.