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Authors
Twinomuhwezi, Ellon https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4034-6694
Kiragga, Agnes N.
Banturaki, Grace
Achieng, Marion
Nampala, Juliet
Bagaya, Irene
Kigozi, Joanita
Castelnuovo, Barbara
Hazra, Rohan
Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.
Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (U01 AI069911Eastern Africa International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA))
Fogarty International Center (HIV co-infections (D43 TW009771))
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership ((100448 TMA 2015 CDF - 1036.)
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2023
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
: The study received approval from the Joint Clinical Research Center Institutional Review and Ethics Committee, the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (Ref: HS35ES) and the Indiana University Institutional Review Board.
: All enrolled women provided written informed consent for study participation for themselves and their infants.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of quotes and summarized interview responses in the academic literature.
