Xiang, Yifan
Yang, Hongyuan
Ren, Yiru
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52172356)
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle (No. 72475015)
Article History
Received: 6 December 2025
Revised: 28 February 2026
Accepted: 14 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026