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Article History

Received: 22 January 2026

Accepted: 21 May 2026

First Online: 2 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The author declares no conflicts of interest.

: This study involved only secondary analyses of fully anonymised human data obtained from previously published, publicly accessible datasets. According to institutional and international guidelines, analyses of such anonymised public data do not constitute human subjects research and therefore do not require additional Institutional Review Board approval. The original studies from which these datasets were derived obtained ethical approval, as reported in their respective publications.

: No new human samples were collected for this study. All data were obtained from previously published datasets in which informed consent and ethical approvals were handled by the original investigators and documented in the corresponding publications.

: GPT-5 (OpenAI), a probabilistic language model based on statistical pattern recognition, was used to support manuscript preparation. All outputs were critically reviewed by the author to ensure factual accuracy and eliminate potential hallucinations.