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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Any use of generative AI in this manuscript adheres to ethical guidelines for use and acknowledgement of generative AI in academic research. The lead author was responsible for the writing, conceptual framing, and philosophical analysis. The second and third authors contributed to data collection and analysis, while the fourth author assisted with participant recruitment and securing IRB approval. All contributions have been reviewed for accuracy, and each author takes responsibility for the integrity of their respective work.
