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Authors
Wu, Mengling
Al Mamun, Abdullah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-742X
Reza, Mohammad Nurul Hassan
Rahman, Mara Ridhuan Che Abdul
Cai, Yanan
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Jilin International Studies University, China (Approval No: 2025DD0001) on January 4th, 2025. The research was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of integrity, respect for life, and the protection of human rights, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants via an online survey form between February 2nd and March 23rd, 2025. Participation was voluntary, uncompensated, and carried no foreseeable risks. Participants consented to the anonymous use of their data for publication, presentation, and/or sharing.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
