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Authors
Liu, Jiawei
Wang, Qi
Jin, Yanzhao
Zhang, Shuke
Guo, Ruiqiang
Shan, Bo
Wang, Zhaoxing
Liu, Xueli
Liu, Xifu
Cheng, Yu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (QN2024230)
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2023205010)
National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (202410094028)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 5 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
