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Authors
Wang, Shaojie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-9087
Xie, Jinyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Provincial Education Science Planning Leading Group Office (2023GXJK123)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: Review and approval for the study procedures were obtained from the university institutional review board prior to study onset. Before answering the scale, participants received an information sheet online that assured them that the data obtained would be handled confidentially and anonymously, and they were asked to give electronic informed consent.
