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Article History

Received: 12 November 2024

Accepted: 31 January 2025

First Online: 21 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Human colon samples were procured from UCSD’s Moores Cancer Center biorepository. All procedures performed on animals were in accordance with regulations and established guidelines and were reviewed and approved by UC San Diego’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol S21167).

: Not applicable.

: S.L. and M.G.R. are employed by Pfizer, Inc., who funded this study. R. K. is a scientific advisory board member, and consultant for BiomeSense, Inc., has equity and receives income. He is a scientific advisory board member and has equity in GenCirq. He is a consultant and scientific advisory board member for DayTwo, and receives income. He has equity in and acts as a consultant for Cybele. He is a co-founder of Biota, Inc., and has equity. He is a cofounder of Micronoma, and has equity and is a scientific advisory board member. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. A.B. is a founder of Guilden Corporation and is an equity owner. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. All other authors declare no conflicts.